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The value of the Targums—translations of the Hebrew Bible into Aramaic, the language of Palestinian Jews for centuries following the Babylonian Exile—lies in their approach to translation: within a typically literal rendering of a text, they incorporate extensive exegetical material, additions, and paraphrases. These alterations reveal important information about Second Temple Judaism, its...
possess is by classifying them according to their dialects. This identifies three main groups of Targums. (A more thorough discussion of Aramaic dialects appears in chapter 13.) The first Jewish dialect of Aramaic relevant to the Targums is Jewish Literary Aramaic (JLA), a dialect used in and around Judea from approximately 200 BCE to about 200 CE. This is the form of the Aramaic portions of the book of Daniel, of the Aramaic texts of the Dead Sea Scrolls, and of some later texts such as Megillat
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